creating a scientific community to study the
Ecology, evolution and mechanisms of solitary living

A fundamental problem in social evolution is the misconception that solitary living needs no explanation. Since the 1950s, evolutionary biologists and behavioural ecologists have studied why animals live in groups, but not the alternative of why many species live solitarily.

It is time to study solitary living as an evolved adaptive strategy:

• Mechanisms of solitary living.
  • Behavioral mechanisms like aggression, avoidance, and absence of social attraction.
  • Neuro-endocrine mechanisms of solitary living.
  • Neural mechanisms of solitary living.
• Ecology of solitary living: Under which environmental conditions is it adaptive, and why?
• Evolution of solitary living: Costs and benefits of solitary living

If we dont understand solitary living, then we can also not understands its alternatives, pair- and group-living!

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Loneliness and Solitude:
Interdisciplinary approaches to solitary living

While humans are clearly social beings, the concepts of solitude and loneliness hold significant cultural and societal relevance. Loneliness is often examined for its negative impact, yet solitude is frequently revered in philosophy and religion.

Interdisciplinary connections between scientists from behavioural ecoloygy, behavioural sciences, from health sciences, philosophy, literature, and religious studies are needed to communicate research findings from the different fields.